Lithium titanate powder (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂), commonly abbreviated as LTO, is a highly stable and robust compound known for its use as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries. Renowned as a “zero-strain” material, LTO undergoes virtually no volume change during lithium-ion insertion and extraction, delivering exceptional cycling stability, superior safety, and excellent high-rate performance.
VIMATERIAL offers high-quality LTO powders with customizable specifications, including particle size distribution, tap density, morphology, surface modification, and carbon coating options. Contact us for more information.
Formula: Li₄Ti₅O₁₂
Appearance: Typically white to light gray powder.
Crystal Structure: Spinel cubic structure, providing stable three-dimensional lithium-ion diffusion pathways.
Density: ~3.4–3.5 g/cm³.
Theoretical Capacity: ~175 mAh/g.
Operating Voltage: Approximately 1.55 V vs. Li⁺/Li.
Volume Change During Cycling: Less than 1%, commonly referred to as a “zero-strain” material.
Voltage: The nominal voltage of Lithium Titanate is around 1.55V, which is lower than other traditional anode materials like graphite but still provides excellent cycle life and stability.
Capacity: It has a lower theoretical capacity (about 175 mAh/g) compared to other anode materials like graphite (which has a theoretical capacity of around 372 mAh/g). However, it compensates with its high stability, fast charging, and safety characteristics.
Ionic Conductivity: Lithium Titanate (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂) exhibits relatively low electronic conductivity, but this can be enhanced by doping or combining it with other conductive materials.
Zero-strain characteristic: Less than 1% volume change during cycling, enabling exceptional cycle life.
Fast charging capability: Excellent lithium-ion diffusion kinetics support high-rate charging and discharging.
Superior safety: High operating potential effectively suppresses lithium plating and dendrite formation.
Outstanding cycle life: Capable of maintaining stable performance over thousands to tens of thousands of cycles.
Excellent thermal stability: Highly resistant to thermal runaway and degradation under demanding conditions.
High power density: Suitable for applications requiring rapid charge acceptance and high-power output.
Electric Vehicles (EVs): Lithium Titanium Oxide powder is used in some electric vehicle batteries, especially in situations where fast charging and safety are the top priorities.
Power Storage Systems: LTO powder is used in large-scale energy storage systems due to its long cycle life and thermal stability.
Portable Electronics: Though not as common as graphite-based anodes, LTO powder is being researched for use in portable electronics where safety and fast charging are important.
Military and Aerospace: The high safety, reliability, and performance of LTO make it suitable for use in applications that require high durability and long cycle life in harsh conditions.
Handling: As a fine powder, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety glasses, and dust protection, should be used to minimize exposure to airborne particles.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry environment away from moisture, heat sources, and contaminants. Keep containers tightly sealed to preserve material quality and electrochemical performance during long-term storage.
Q1. What is Lithium Titanate (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, LTO)?
A: LTO is a spinel-structured lithium-ion battery anode material known for its exceptional safety, ultra-long cycle life, and excellent fast-charging performance.
Q2. Why is LTO called a “zero-strain” material?
A: Because its crystal structure experiences virtually no volume change during lithium-ion insertion and extraction, resulting in outstanding structural stability and long-term cycling performance.
Q3. What is the theoretical capacity of LTO?
A: The theoretical specific capacity of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ is approximately 175 mAh/g.
Q4. What applications are suitable for LTO?
A: LTO is widely used in electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, fast-charging systems, grid energy storage, renewable energy integration, and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems.
VI HALBLEITERMATERIAL GmbH (VIMATERIAL) employs a stringent quality assurance system to ensure the reliability of our product quality. Strict quality control is implemented throughout the entire production chain, and for defective products, we strictly enforce the principle of rework and redo. Each batch is released only after passing detailed specification tests.
Every batch of our materials is independently tested, and, if necessary, we send samples to certified companies for testing. We provide these documents and analysis certificates with the shipment to certify that our products meet the required standards.
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