{"id":1058050,"date":"2026-11-11T15:29:07","date_gmt":"2026-11-11T07:29:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/?p=1058050"},"modified":"2026-11-11T15:35:49","modified_gmt":"2026-11-11T07:35:49","slug":"titanium-diboride-properties-applications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/titanium-diboride-properties-applications\/","title":{"rendered":"Titanium Diboride (TiB\u2082): Properties, Applications and Material Forms"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Titanium diboride (TiB\u2082)<\/a><\/span> is a high-performance ceramic material known for its exceptional hardness, high melting point, electrical conductivity and resistance to wear and molten metal corrosion. Combining the characteristics of ceramics and metallic materials, it is widely investigated and used in applications requiring high thermal stability, mechanical strength and electrical performance.<\/p>

With its unique combination of physical and chemical properties, titanium diboride is used in advanced ceramics, aluminium metallurgy, cutting tools, wear-resistant coatings and functional thin films. It is also an important material for research and development in high-temperature engineering and electronic applications.<\/p>

Titanium diboride is commercially available in several forms, including powder, sputtering targets and sintered ceramic components. The appropriate material form depends on the intended manufacturing process and application requirements.<\/p>

VIMATERIAL supplies high-purity TiB\u2082 powder and sputtering targets with different specifications. Custom particle sizes, target dimensions and target bonding services are available to support industrial production and research applications.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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1. What Is Titanium Diboride (TiB\u2082)?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Titanium diboride is an inorganic compound consisting of titanium and boron, with the chemical formula TiB\u2082 and CAS number 12045-63-5.<\/p>

It belongs to the family of transition metal diborides and has a hexagonal crystal structure of the AlB\u2082 type (space group P6\/mmm). Its crystal structure consists of alternating titanium and boron atomic layers, with strong chemical bonding contributing to its high hardness, thermal stability and mechanical properties.<\/p>

Unlike conventional oxide ceramics, TiB\u2082 exhibits metallic electrical conductivity. This combination of ceramic hardness and electrical functionality makes it particularly useful in applications where conventional ceramics or metals may not provide the required balance of properties.<\/p>

Titanium diboride is generally supplied as a grey or grey-black powder, although it can also be processed into dense ceramic components and sputtering targets.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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2. Physical and Chemical Properties of Titanium Diboride<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The performance of TiB\u2082 is determined by its crystal structure, chemical composition, purity and microstructure. Its most important characteristics include high hardness, a high melting point, electrical conductivity and resistance to wear and molten metal attack.<\/p>

Property<\/th>Typical Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Chemical Formula<\/td>TiB\u2082<\/td><\/tr>
CAS Number<\/td>12045-63-5<\/td><\/tr>
Molecular Weight<\/td>69.49 g\/mol<\/td><\/tr>
Crystal Structure<\/td>Hexagonal (AlB\u2082-type)<\/td><\/tr>
Space Group<\/td>P6\/mmm<\/td><\/tr>
Density<\/td>Approximately 4.52 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td><\/tr>
Melting Point<\/td>Approximately 2,900\u20133,225\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr>
Microhardness<\/td>Approximately 25\u201335 GPa<\/td><\/tr>
Electrical Resistivity<\/td>Approximately 10\u201330 \u03bc\u03a9\u00b7cm<\/td><\/tr>
Appearance<\/td>Grey to grey-black<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>

Note: These are representative material values. Actual properties depend on composition, microstructure, sample preparation and measurement conditions.<\/em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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2.1 High Hardness and Wear Resistance<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Titanium diboride is one of the hardest known ceramic materials, with reported microhardness values generally ranging from approximately 25 to 35 GPa.<\/p>

Its high hardness makes it suitable for applications involving abrasive wear, surface friction and mechanical contact. It is therefore used in advanced ceramic components, cutting tools, wear-resistant parts and protective coating research.<\/p>

When incorporated into ceramic or metal matrix composites, TiB\u2082 particles can also contribute to improved hardness and wear resistance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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2.2 High Melting Point and Thermal Stability<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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TiB\u2082 has an exceptionally high melting point, making it suitable for applications involving elevated temperatures.<\/p>

Its thermal stability is particularly valuable in refractory materials, high-temperature ceramic components and metallurgical equipment.<\/p>

However, its behaviour in high-temperature environments depends on the surrounding atmosphere. Oxidation can occur when TiB\u2082 is exposed to air at elevated temperatures, so operating temperature, exposure time and protective conditions must be considered during material selection.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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2.3 Electrical and Thermal Conductivity<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Unlike many conventional ceramic materials, titanium diboride exhibits good electrical conductivity.<\/p>

Its relatively low electrical resistivity makes it useful in conductive ceramics, electrodes and certain functional coating applications.<\/p>

TiB\u2082 also has good thermal conductivity, allowing heat to be transferred through the material. This combination of electrical and thermal properties is particularly valuable in applications requiring both conductivity and high-temperature resistance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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2.4 Chemical Stability and Corrosion Resistance<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Titanium diboride exhibits good chemical stability in various environments and is resistant to attack by molten aluminium under suitable operating conditions.<\/p>

Its resistance to molten metal corrosion makes it an important material in aluminium metallurgy, particularly in wettable cathode applications and equipment used for molten metal handling.<\/p>

Its chemical stability also contributes to its use in wear-resistant components and specialised ceramic composites.<\/p>

Nevertheless, corrosion resistance depends on the chemical medium, temperature and exposure conditions. Compatibility should be evaluated for each specific application.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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3. Main Applications of Titanium Diboride<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The combination of mechanical, thermal and electrical properties gives TiB\u2082 a wide range of potential industrial applications.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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3.1 Advanced Ceramics and Composite Materials<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Titanium diboride is widely used as a raw material in advanced ceramic manufacturing.<\/p>

It can be combined with other ceramic materials, including silicon carbide (SiC)<\/a><\/span>, titanium carbide (TiC)<\/a><\/span>, titanium nitride (TiN)<\/a><\/span> and aluminium oxide (Al\u2082O\u2083)<\/a><\/span>, to develop composite materials with tailored mechanical and thermal properties.<\/p>

Depending on composition and processing conditions, these composites can offer:<\/p>