{"id":1056700,"date":"2026-09-24T11:22:12","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T03:22:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/?p=1056700"},"modified":"2026-09-24T11:23:36","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T03:23:36","slug":"hafnium-diboride-vs-zirconium-diboride","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/hafnium-diboride-vs-zirconium-diboride\/","title":{"rendered":"Hafnium Diboride vs Zirconium Diboride: Properties and High-Temperature Applications"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1056700\" class=\"elementor elementor-1056700\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed6ff8e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ed6ff8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e38dc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e38dc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hafnium diboride (HfB\u2082) and zirconium diboride (ZrB\u2082) are two important transition-metal diboride ceramics for ultra-high-temperature applications. Both combine high melting temperatures, hardness, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, making them suitable for demanding refractory, ceramic and thermal-protection systems.<\/p><p>Although HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082 share the same general AlB\u2082-type crystal structure, their physical properties, density, material availability and processing characteristics are not identical. The most suitable material depends on the required service temperature, oxidation environment, mechanical performance, processing route and overall project cost.<\/p><p>This article examines hafnium diboride vs zirconium diboride from a materials-engineering perspective, highlighting their key differences and the factors to consider when selecting between them.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f3611 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"22f3611\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Are HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43bb319 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"43bb319\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/search\/?type=element&#038;keyword=HfB2\">Hafnium Diboride (HfB\u2082)<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa08b08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa08b08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/hafnium-diboride-properties-structure\/\">Hafnium diboride<\/a><\/span> is a refractory ceramic composed of hafnium and boron. It has a hexagonal AlB\u2082-type crystal structure and is known for its high melting temperature, hardness, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and chemical stability.<\/p><p>These properties make HfB\u2082 particularly relevant to ultra-high-temperature ceramics (UHTCs), advanced coatings, aerospace thermal-protection systems and high-temperature structural components.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efa88a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"efa88a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/search\/?type=element&#038;keyword=ZrB2\">Zirconium Diboride (ZrB\u2082)<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7aacef9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7aacef9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zirconium diboride is another transition-metal diboride with a hexagonal AlB\u2082-type structure. Like HfB\u2082, it combines high-temperature stability with good thermal and electrical conductivity.<\/p><p>ZrB\u2082 is widely considered for UHTC systems, protective coatings, aerospace components and other applications where conventional ceramics may not provide sufficient temperature resistance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9109873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9109873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">HfB\u2082 vs ZrB\u2082: Quick Comparison - Hafnium Diboride vs Zirconium Diboride<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce59b93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce59b93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Property<\/th>\n<th>Hafnium Boride<\/th>\n<th>Zirconium Boride<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Chemical formula<\/td>\n<td>HfB\u2082<\/td>\n<td>ZrB\u2082<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Material family<\/td>\n<td>Transition-metal diboride<\/td>\n<td>Transition-metal diboride<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Crystal structure<\/td>\n<td>Hexagonal, AlB\u2082-type<\/td>\n<td>Hexagonal, AlB\u2082-type<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Melting temperature<\/td>\n<td>Very high; reported around 3250\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>Very high; commonly reported around 3000\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hardness<\/td>\n<td>High<\/td>\n<td>High<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Thermal conductivity<\/td>\n<td>High<\/td>\n<td>High<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Electrical conductivity<\/td>\n<td>Good<\/td>\n<td>Good<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Thermal expansion<\/td>\n<td>Relatively low<\/td>\n<td>Relatively low<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>UHTC classification<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<td>Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Typical applications<\/td>\n<td>UHTCs, aerospace, coatings, advanced ceramics<\/td>\n<td>UHTCs, aerospace, coatings, advanced ceramics<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Key selection factors<\/td>\n<td>Temperature, purity, density, processing and cost<\/td>\n<td>Temperature, purity, density, processing and cost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3a5cdc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b3a5cdc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Hafnium-Diboride-vs-Zirconium-Diboride.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1056704\" alt=\"Hafnium Diboride vs Zirconium Diboride - VIMATERIAL\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Hafnium-Diboride-vs-Zirconium-Diboride.png 888w, https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Hafnium-Diboride-vs-Zirconium-Diboride-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Hafnium-Diboride-vs-Zirconium-Diboride-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Hafnium-Diboride-vs-Zirconium-Diboride-600x338.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a931326 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a931326\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Exact thermal and physical-property values can vary with purity, density, grain size, porosity, processing method and measurement conditions. For engineering applications, the properties of the actual grade and processed component should be considered rather than relying on a single literature value.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3841e87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3841e87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Melting Point and High-Temperature Stability<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7ddc75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7ddc75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Both HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082 are classified as ultra-high-temperature ceramics because of their exceptionally high melting temperatures.<\/p><p>HfB\u2082 is generally associated with a higher melting temperature than ZrB\u2082, with reported values for HfB\u2082 typically in the range of approximately 3250\u20133380\u00b0C, depending on the reference and measurement conditions. ZrB\u2082 is commonly reported at approximately 3000\u00b0C, although values can vary between sources.<\/p><p>The difference in melting temperature is relevant when a component must operate under extremely high-temperature conditions. However, melting point alone does not determine actual service performance.<\/p><p>Important factors include:<\/p><ul><li>Operating temperature<\/li><li>Oxidation atmosphere<\/li><li>Heating and cooling rate<\/li><li>Thermal cycling<\/li><li>Density and porosity<\/li><li>Grain size<\/li><li>Composite formulation<\/li><li>Surface protection<\/li><li>Manufacturing and sintering method<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d140ba8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d140ba8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For this reason, HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082 should be evaluated according to the complete operating environment rather than by melting temperature alone.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a11a47f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a11a47f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thermal Conductivity<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c36c7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c36c7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Both HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082 have relatively high thermal conductivity compared with many conventional ceramic materials.<\/p><p>High thermal conductivity allows heat to be distributed through the material and can help reduce local temperature gradients. This characteristic is particularly relevant to components exposed to intense and uneven heat flux.<\/p><p>Reported thermal conductivity values for transition-metal diborides can vary significantly depending on composition, density, porosity, grain structure and testing temperature. Values in the range of approximately 60\u2013120 W\/m\u00b7K are commonly encountered for high-quality materials within this material family.<\/p><p>For thermal-protection applications, thermal conductivity should be considered together with component geometry, heat flux, surface temperature and the overall thermal-management strategy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7746c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e7746c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hardness and Mechanical Properties<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c64d2cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c64d2cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082 are hard refractory ceramics with high elastic modulus and good resistance to wear and deformation at elevated temperatures.<\/p><p>Their strong atomic bonding contributes to their hardness and high-temperature structural stability. However, high hardness does not necessarily translate into high fracture toughness.<\/p><p>Like many <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/ultra-high-temperature-ceramics-uhtcs\/\">UHTCs<\/a><\/span>, HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082 can exhibit limited fracture toughness compared with ductile engineering materials. Their densification can also be challenging because of strong bonding and relatively slow diffusion during conventional sintering.<\/p><p>Material design therefore plays an important role in practical performance. Grain-size control, sintering additives, reinforcement and composite structures can be used to improve density and mechanical reliability.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a5fcda elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2a5fcda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thermal Expansion and Thermal Shock<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf494f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bf494f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Both HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082 have relatively low thermal expansion compared with many other high-temperature materials.<\/p><p>Lower thermal expansion can help limit dimensional changes and thermal stresses during temperature fluctuations. However, thermal-shock resistance cannot be predicted from the coefficient of thermal expansion alone.<\/p><p>It also depends on:<\/p><table><thead><tr><th>Factor<\/th><th>Influence on thermal-shock behaviour<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Thermal conductivity<\/td><td>Determines how quickly heat is distributed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Elastic modulus<\/td><td>Influences thermal stress development<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Strength<\/td><td>Determines resistance to thermal-stress failure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fracture toughness<\/td><td>Influences crack propagation resistance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Porosity<\/td><td>Affects mechanical and thermal behaviour<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Grain structure<\/td><td>Influences crack development and propagation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Component geometry<\/td><td>Determines the distribution of thermal stress<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Therefore, thermal-shock performance should ultimately be evaluated using the actual processed ceramic and component geometry.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d07beb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d07beb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Oxidation Behaviour<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99b1669 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"99b1669\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Oxidation resistance is a critical consideration when HfB\u2082 or ZrB\u2082 is exposed to air at high temperatures.<\/p><p>Both materials can form oxide-containing surface layers during oxidation. The resulting behaviour depends on temperature, exposure time, atmosphere, material composition, density and microstructure.<\/p><p>For demanding aerospace and UHTC applications, HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082 are often considered as part of a broader material system rather than as unprotected monolithic ceramics.<\/p><p>Composite formulations containing SiC and other secondary phases can improve oxidation resistance and help maintain structural integrity under high-temperature oxidative conditions.<\/p><p>It is therefore more accurate to describe HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082 as high-temperature ceramics with oxidation resistance under defined conditions rather than as completely oxidation-proof materials.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ab3e04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4ab3e04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">HfB\u2082 vs ZrB\u2082 for Aerospace Applications<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f94953a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f94953a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082 are both relevant to high-temperature aerospace and thermal-protection technologies.<\/p><p>Potential applications include:<\/p><ul><li>Hypersonic vehicle leading edges<\/li><li>Nose tips<\/li><li>Re-entry vehicle components<\/li><li>Rocket and propulsion components<\/li><li>High-temperature protective coatings<\/li><li>Thermal-protection structures<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ae2ada elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ae2ada\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These applications require materials that can withstand high temperatures, thermal gradients, mechanical loads and, in many cases, oxidative environments.<\/p><p>For actual aerospace components, however, the ceramic is only one part of the system. Composite design, surface protection, joining technology, processing quality and component geometry can have a major influence on final performance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1dbde0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b1dbde0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hafnium Diboride vs Zirconium Diboride for Ceramic Processing<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05c0817 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"05c0817\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Processing behaviour is an important consideration when selecting between HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082.<\/p><p>Both materials can be difficult to densify because of their strong bonding and relatively low self-diffusion rates. High-temperature processing is therefore often required to obtain dense ceramics.<\/p><p>Common processing approaches include:<\/p><ul><li>Hot pressing<\/li><li>Spark plasma sintering (SPS)<\/li><li>Sintering with additives<\/li><li>Grain-size engineering<\/li><li>Composite reinforcement<\/li><li>Advanced joining techniques<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56443e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"56443e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The powder itself also has a significant influence on processing performance. Particle size distribution, morphology, purity, oxygen content and agglomeration can affect powder packing, densification and final microstructure.<\/p><p>For <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/product\/hafnium-boride\">HfB\u2082 powder<\/a><\/span> specifications, see:<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/hafnium-diboride-powder-purity-size-properties\/\">Hafnium Diboride Powder: Purity, Particle Size, Properties and Quality Control<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b2397d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0b2397d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">HfB\u2082 vs ZrB\u2082: Cost and Material Availability<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f3b916 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f3b916\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Material availability and cost can influence the practical selection of HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082.<\/p><p>Hafnium is generally less abundant and more specialized than zirconium. As a result, HfB\u2082 may have a higher material cost depending on purity, particle size, order quantity and supply conditions.<\/p><p>However, the powder price is only one part of the total cost.<\/p><p>For a specific application, the overall evaluation may include:<\/p><table><thead><tr><th>Cost factor<\/th><th>What to consider<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Powder price<\/td><td>Cost per kg at the required purity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Purity<\/td><td>Higher-purity grades may increase cost<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Particle size<\/td><td>Nano or micron-scale powders may have different pricing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Processing<\/td><td>Required sintering temperature and equipment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Component lifetime<\/td><td>Expected service life under operating conditions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Composite requirements<\/td><td>Need for SiC or other secondary phases<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Replacement frequency<\/td><td>Cost associated with component replacement<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>The final choice should therefore consider both technical requirements and total processing economics.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1013adc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1013adc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"682\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Ultra-high-temperature-ceramics-UHTCs.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1056705\" alt=\"Ultra-high-temperature ceramics (UHTCs) - VIMATERIAL\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Ultra-high-temperature-ceramics-UHTCs.png 682w, https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Ultra-high-temperature-ceramics-UHTCs-300x220.png 300w, https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Ultra-high-temperature-ceramics-UHTCs-600x440.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 682px) 100vw, 682px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f97e61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f97e61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Which Material Should You Choose?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06534eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"06534eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There is no single material that is suitable for every HfB\u2082 or ZrB\u2082 application.<\/p><p>A practical comparison can focus on the following factors:<\/p><table><thead><tr><th>Requirement<\/th><th>Selection consideration<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Extremely high-temperature stability<\/td><td>Compare the required service temperature with material-specific data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>High thermal conductivity<\/td><td>Compare measured values under relevant conditions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Thermal shock<\/td><td>Consider thermal expansion, conductivity, strength and fracture toughness together<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Oxidizing environment<\/td><td>Evaluate oxidation behaviour and protective composite design<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>High hardness<\/td><td>Both HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082 are suitable candidates<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Powder processing<\/td><td>Compare particle size, purity, morphology and sintering behaviour<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cost sensitivity<\/td><td>Consider material availability and total processing cost<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aerospace UHTC<\/td><td>Evaluate the complete ceramic or composite system<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research ceramics<\/td><td>Match purity, particle size and phase composition to the experimental requirements<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>This approach provides a more useful basis for material selection than simply choosing the material with the higher melting temperature.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99a8e0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"99a8e0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/product\/hafnium-boride\">HfB\u2082 Powder Selection<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba550a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba550a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>When HfB\u2082 is selected for ceramic processing, coating development or research, powder specifications become particularly important.<\/p><p>Key parameters can include:<\/p><ul><li>Purity<\/li><li>Particle size<\/li><li>D50 \/ D90 distribution<\/li><li>Crystal phase<\/li><li>Oxygen content<\/li><li>Carbon content<\/li><li>Specific surface area<\/li><li>Particle morphology<\/li><li>Packaging and storage conditions<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-538ca01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"538ca01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For research and advanced ceramic applications, controlling these parameters can improve batch consistency and make it easier to reproduce processing and sintering results.<\/p><p>VIMATERIAL provides HfB\u2082 powder in controlled purity and particle-size specifications for different material-development requirements, including micron-scale and finer powder options.<\/p><p>For detailed specifications, see:<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/hafnium-diboride-powder-purity-size-properties\/\">Hafnium Diboride Powder: Purity, Particle Size, Properties and Quality Control<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dea2a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9dea2a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082 in Advanced UHTC Systems<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73184c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73184c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Modern UHTC development increasingly focuses on controlling microstructure and designing composite systems rather than using a single ceramic phase alone.<\/p><p>HfB\u2082- and ZrB\u2082-based ceramics can be combined with secondary phases such as SiC to improve oxidation resistance and thermo-mechanical performance. Grain-size control, sintering additives and tailored microstructures can also influence density, strength, thermal conductivity and fracture behaviour.<\/p><p>Joining is another important consideration when UHTC components need to be integrated with other ceramics or metals. The joining method must account for differences in thermal expansion, chemical compatibility and service temperature.<\/p><p>These considerations are particularly important when moving from laboratory-scale powders to engineered components.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94203f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c94203f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FAQs<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dcb44e elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"1dcb44e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-3120\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-3120\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 1. What is the main difference between HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3120\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-563984f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"563984f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1f4a26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1f4a26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Both are transition-metal diboride UHTCs with similar hexagonal AlB\u2082-type structures and high-temperature properties. HfB\u2082 generally has a higher reported melting temperature, while ZrB\u2082 can offer advantages in material availability and cost depending on the required grade and supply conditions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-3121\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-3121\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 2. Which has the higher melting point, HfB\u2082 or ZrB\u2082? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3121\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27cfac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c27cfac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de0786f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de0786f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>HfB\u2082 generally has the higher melting temperature. Reported HfB\u2082 values are commonly around 3250\u20133380\u00b0C, while ZrB\u2082 is commonly reported around 3000\u00b0C. Exact values vary with the source, material quality and measurement conditions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-3122\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-3122\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 3. Are HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082 both UHTCs? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3122\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e58dc49 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e58dc49\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d798a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d798a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yes. Both are widely classified as ultra-high-temperature ceramics because of their high melting temperatures and combination of mechanical, thermal and electrical properties.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-3123\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-3123\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 4. Are HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082 electrically conductive? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3123\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ceceb24 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ceceb24\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb7db59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb7db59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yes. Both materials have relatively good electrical conductivity compared with many conventional ceramic materials.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-3124\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-3124\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 5. Which material is suitable for hypersonic applications? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3124\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5872a7f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5872a7f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bb680b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5bb680b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Both HfB\u2082- and ZrB\u2082-based ceramics are relevant to hypersonic and re-entry thermal-protection technologies. The appropriate material depends on the required temperature, oxidation environment, mechanical loads, processing route and composite design.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-3125\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-3125\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 6. Can HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082 be used in composite ceramics? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3125\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-873ba83 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"873ba83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cbc260 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cbc260\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yes. Both can be incorporated into composite UHTC systems. SiC-containing systems and other secondary phases are commonly considered when improved oxidation resistance and thermo-mechanical performance are required.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-3126\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-3126\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 7. What HfB\u2082 powder properties should be specified? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3126\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a35be4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7a35be4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f94e4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f94e4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Purity, particle size distribution, crystal phase, oxygen content, morphology and packaging are among the most important parameters. The appropriate specification depends on whether the powder is intended for sintering, coating, research or another application.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc5ac20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cc5ac20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0f0012 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0f0012\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082 are closely related ultra-high-temperature ceramics with many overlapping applications. Their high melting temperatures, hardness, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity make them important materials for advanced ceramics, aerospace thermal protection and other high-temperature technologies.<\/p><p>The key difference is not simply which material has a higher numerical property. Material selection should consider the complete application, including service temperature, oxidation environment, thermal cycling, powder characteristics, sintering behaviour, component design, material availability and cost.<\/p><p>For applications requiring controlled HfB\u2082 purity, particle size or packaging, VIMATERIAL can provide material specifications according to the intended processing and application requirements.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fad42a7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fad42a7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-163311c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"163311c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e081a6f elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"e081a6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0079642520300153?via%3Dihub\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">[1] Golla, B. R., Mukhopadhyay, A., Basu, B., &amp; Thimmappa, S. K. (2020). Review on ultra-high temperature boride ceramics. Progress in Materials Science, 111, 100651. DOI: 10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2020.100651<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dl.astm.org\/mpc\/article-abstract\/10\/2\/89\/15092\/Processing-of-ZrB2-and-HfB2-Based-Ultra-High\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">[2] Murthy, T. S. R. Ch. (2021). Processing of ZrB\u2082- and HfB\u2082-Based Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic Materials: A Review. Materials Performance and Characterization, 10(2), 89\u2013121. DOI: 10.1520\/MPC20200133<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/9781118700853.ch9\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">[3] Harrington, G. J. K., &amp; Hilmas, G. E. (2014). Thermal Conductivity of ZrB\u2082 and HfB\u2082. In Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics, 197\u2013235. Wiley. DOI: 10.1002\/9781118700853.ch9<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11661-010-0540-8\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">[4] Eakins, E., Jayaseelan, D. D., &amp; Lee, W. E. (2011). Toward Oxidation-Resistant ZrB\u2082-SiC Ultra High Temperature Ceramics. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 42, 878\u2013887. DOI: 10.1007\/s11661-010-0540-8<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11666-022-01381-5\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">[5] Thermal Spraying of Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics: A Review on Processing Routes and Performance. (2022). Journal of Thermal Spray Technology. DOI: 10.1007\/s11666-022-01381-5<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bfe733 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3bfe733\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7eb6cf8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7eb6cf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further Reading<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bd1f61 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"9bd1f61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/hafnium-diboride-properties-structure\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Hafnium Diboride (HfB\u2082): Properties, Structure and Applications<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/hafnium-diboride-powder-purity-size-properties\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Hafnium Diboride Powder: Purity, Particle Size, Properties and Quality Control<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/ultra-high-temperature-ceramics-uhtcs\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs): Materials for Extreme High-Temperature Applications<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/top-10-high-temperature-materials\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">High-Temperature Materials: Top 10 Heat-Resistant Materials for Extreme Environments<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/niobium-boride-grain-refinement-aluminum-alloys\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Niobium boride (NbB\u2082) for Grain Refinement of Aluminum Alloys: Mechanism, Advantages and Selection Guide<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb544e3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eb544e3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80c17ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"80c17ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Need a Custom Material Solution?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-821b236 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"821b236\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/contact-us\/\">Contact VIMATERIAL<\/a><\/strong><\/span> to discuss HfB\u2082 powder purity, particle size, packaging and other material requirements for advanced ceramics, UHTC development and high-temperature applications.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-addc58b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"addc58b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d0255f elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/contact-us\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Contact Us<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hafnium diboride (HfB\u2082) and zirconium diboride (ZrB\u2082) are two important transition-metal diboride ceramics for ultra-high-temperature applications. Both combine high melting temperatures, hardness, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, making them suitable for demanding refractory, ceramic and thermal-protection systems. Although HfB\u2082 and ZrB\u2082 share the same general AlB\u2082-type crystal structure, their physical properties, density, material availability and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1056704,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[338],"tags":[387,646,647],"class_list":["post-1056700","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ceramic-materials","tag-comparisons","tag-hafnium-diboride","tag-zirconium-diboride"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1056700","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1056700"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1056700\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1056708,"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1056700\/revisions\/1056708"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1056704"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1056700"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1056700"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1056700"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}