{"id":1056492,"date":"2026-09-15T15:24:09","date_gmt":"2026-09-15T07:24:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/?p=1056492"},"modified":"2026-09-15T15:26:36","modified_gmt":"2026-09-15T07:26:36","slug":"ti3alc2-max-phase-structure-properties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/ti3alc2-max-phase-structure-properties\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti3AlC2 MAX Phase: Structure, Properties and Applications"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1056492\" class=\"elementor elementor-1056492\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8376d61 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8376d61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a61b3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a61b3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/search\/?type=element&amp;keyword=Ti3AlC2\">Ti3AlC2<\/a><\/span><\/strong> is one of the most widely studied members of the MAX phase family. This titanium aluminum carbide combines several properties normally associated with metals and ceramics, including electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, high-temperature stability, damage tolerance and machinability.<\/p><p>Because of its unique layered structure, Ti3AlC2 is used both as a functional ceramic material and as an important precursor for MXene research.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc2a0cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc2a0cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><mark class=\"rank-math-highlight\" style=\"background-color: #fee894;\">The Ti3AlC2 Max Phase is notable for its versatility in various applications, including energy storage and structural materials.<\/mark><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-988f089 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"988f089\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Is Ti3AlC2?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31eff36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"31eff36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ti3AlC2 is a ternary layered carbide composed of titanium, aluminum and carbon.<\/p><p>Its general MAX phase formula can be written as:<\/p><p><strong>M\u2099\u208a\u2081AX\u2099<\/strong><\/p><p>For Ti\u2083AlC\u2082:<\/p><ul><li>M = Ti<\/li><li>A = Al<\/li><li>X = C<\/li><li>n = 2<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5af7b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e5af7b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Therefore, Ti3AlC2 belongs to the <strong>312 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/what-are-max-phase-ceramics\/\">MAX phase family<\/a><\/span>.<\/strong><\/p><p>Other well-known MAX phase materials include <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/search\/?type=element&amp;keyword=Ti2AlC\">Ti\u2082AlC<\/a><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/search\/?type=element&amp;keyword=Ti3SiC2\">Ti\u2083SiC\u2082<\/a><\/span>, which exhibit different compositions and property profiles.<\/p><p>The material normally exhibits a hexagonal layered crystal structure. The Ti-C structural units are separated by aluminum-containing layers, producing a characteristic layered architecture.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975b977 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"975b977\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"764\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Ti3AlC2-Powder.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1056494\" alt=\"Ti3AlC2 MAX Phase Powder - VIMATERIAL\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Ti3AlC2-Powder.jpg 764w, https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Ti3AlC2-Powder-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Ti3AlC2-Powder-600x393.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-442f47b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"442f47b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Crystal Structure of Ti3AlC2<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4549508 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4549508\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The layered structure is central to the properties of Ti\u2083AlC\u2082.<\/p><p>Strong bonding within the Ti-C layers provides structural stability and contributes to mechanical strength and high-temperature performance.<\/p><p>The relatively weaker bonding associated with the Al layers allows some degree of layer sliding and damage accommodation.<\/p><p>This combination helps explain why Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 can show:<\/p><ul><li>Ceramic-like thermal stability<\/li><li>Metal-like electrical conductivity<\/li><li>Good thermal conductivity<\/li><li>Thermal shock resistance<\/li><li>Damage tolerance<\/li><li>Relatively good machinability<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f810a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f810a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The material therefore occupies an unusual position between conventional ceramics and metals.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9963107 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9963107\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><mark class=\"rank-math-highlight\" style=\"background-color: #fee894\">Key Properties of Ti3AlC2 Max Phase<\/mark><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b633a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b633a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Electrical Conductivity<\/strong><\/p><p>Unlike many conventional structural ceramics, Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 exhibits relatively high electrical conductivity.<\/p><p>This property makes it attractive for conductive ceramic components, electrodes and other applications where both electrical and thermal performance are required.<\/p><p><strong>Thermal Conductivity<\/strong><\/p><p>Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 can transfer heat more effectively than many conventional insulating ceramics.<\/p><p>Combined with its thermal shock resistance, this makes the material interesting for thermal management and high-temperature applications.<\/p><p><strong>Thermal Stability<\/strong><\/p><p>The layered structure allows Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 to retain its structural integrity under demanding thermal conditions, particularly in controlled atmospheres.<\/p><p>Its thermal performance makes it suitable for research involving high-temperature structural materials and protective coatings.<\/p><p><strong>Damage Tolerance<\/strong><\/p><p>The layered architecture can facilitate crack deflection and energy dissipation.<\/p><p>Instead of behaving like a completely brittle ceramic, Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 can accommodate mechanical damage through mechanisms associated with its layered structure.<\/p><p><strong>Chemical Resistance<\/strong><\/p><p>Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 shows good resistance to many chemical environments, although the aluminum-containing layers can be selectively attacked under sufficiently aggressive chemical conditions.<\/p><p>Therefore, chemical compatibility should always be evaluated for the specific application.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a65483a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a65483a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 and High-Temperature Oxidation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddbdab1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ddbdab1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>An important feature of Ti-Al-C MAX phases is their behavior during oxidation.<\/p><p>Aluminum can diffuse toward the surface and form an aluminum oxide layer during oxidation. This oxide layer can act as a protective barrier against further oxidation.<\/p><p>The same mechanism has been associated with self-healing behavior in Ti-Al-C MAX phase materials.<\/p><p>When surface cracks or scratches form under suitable high-temperature conditions, oxidation products can partially fill the damaged region.<\/p><p>This characteristic makes Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 interesting for high-temperature protective materials.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4599a3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4599a3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 as an MXene Precursor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-557372e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"557372e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One of the most important research applications of <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adma.201102306\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 is its role as a precursor for MXene<\/a><\/span>.<\/p><p>The aluminum layers can be selectively removed from Ti3AlC2 through appropriate etching processes. The resulting titanium carbide-based material can then be further delaminated into two-dimensional <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/ti3alc2-mxene-the-rising-star-in-research\/\">Ti\u2083C\u2082T\u2093 MXene<\/a><\/span>.<\/p><p>This process is one of the reasons Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 has become particularly important in advanced materials research.<\/p><p>The resulting MXene materials can exhibit:<\/p><ul><li>Two-dimensional layered morphology<\/li><li>High electrical conductivity<\/li><li>Hydrophilic surfaces<\/li><li>Adjustable surface chemistry<\/li><li>Large specific surface area<\/li><li>Abundant surface reaction sites<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d86a6ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d86a6ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Ti3AlC2-as-a-Precursor-for-MXene.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1056495\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Ti3AlC2-as-a-Precursor-for-MXene.png 890w, https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Ti3AlC2-as-a-Precursor-for-MXene-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Ti3AlC2-as-a-Precursor-for-MXene-768x431.png 768w, https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Ti3AlC2-as-a-Precursor-for-MXene-600x337.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17b8a58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17b8a58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These properties have stimulated research into batteries, supercapacitors, sensors, electromagnetic interference shielding and catalysis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72dad12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72dad12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Applications of Ti3AlC2 MAX Phase<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c24157 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c24157\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>High-Temperature Structural Materials<\/strong><\/p><p>It can be investigated for high-temperature structural components where thermal stability, conductivity and damage tolerance are required.<\/p><p><strong>Protective Coatings<\/strong><\/p><p>Its combination of high-temperature performance and chemical resistance makes Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 interesting as a coating material or coating precursor.<\/p><p><strong>Conductive Ceramics<\/strong><\/p><p>Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 can provide electrical conductivity while retaining ceramic-like thermal and mechanical properties.<\/p><p>This makes it attractive for electrodes, heating elements and other conductive ceramic systems.<\/p><p><strong>Self-Lubricating and Wear-Resistant Materials<\/strong><\/p><p>The layered structure can contribute to low-friction and damage-tolerant behavior, making Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 relevant to tribological material research.<\/p><p><strong>Energy Storage and Electrochemistry<\/strong><\/p><p>Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 itself and its MXene derivatives are widely studied in electrochemical systems.<\/p><p>The MAX phase provides a convenient precursor platform for preparing Ti\u2083C\u2082T\u2093 and related two-dimensional materials.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b642b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b642b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 Powder for Research<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6f56c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f6f56c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 is commonly supplied as a black powder with particle sizes selected according to the intended application.<\/p><p>Particle size can influence:<\/p><ul><li>Powder mixing<\/li><li>Reaction kinetics<\/li><li>Etching behavior<\/li><li>Dispersion<\/li><li>Sintering<\/li><li>Composite processing<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1d8f9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1d8f9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For research involving MXene preparation, precursor purity and particle-size distribution are particularly important because they can influence the consistency of the etching and delamination processes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7c489d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7c489d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Storage and Handling<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-444da19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"444da19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/product\/titanium-aluminum-carbide-powder\">Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 powder<\/a><\/span> should generally be stored in a dry, sealed and light-protected environment.<\/p><p>For long-term storage, protection from moisture and unnecessary exposure to air is recommended.<\/p><p>When handling fine powders, appropriate laboratory precautions should be used to minimize dust exposure.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81739b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"81739b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-079b16b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"079b16b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 is an important 312 MAX phase material that combines metallic and ceramic characteristics through its unique layered structure.<\/p><p>Its electrical conductivity, thermal performance, damage tolerance, chemical resistance and machinability make it attractive for high-temperature structural materials, conductive ceramics, protective coatings and tribological systems.<\/p><p>At the same time, its ability to serve as a precursor for Ti\u2083C\u2082T\u2093 MXene gives Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 a particularly important role in modern research on two-dimensional materials and electrochemical technologies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d58fd7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d58fd7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92c3e09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"92c3e09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1530\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1530\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 1. What is Ti\u2083AlC\u2082? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1530\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6afb65 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e6afb65\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e41484c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e41484c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 is a 312 MAX phase material composed of titanium, aluminum and carbon. It combines metallic properties such as electrical conductivity with ceramic properties such as high-temperature stability and damage tolerance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1531\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1531\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 2. What does Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 mean in the MAX phase formula? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1531\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cca82fb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cca82fb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-033bb7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"033bb7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 follows the general MAX phase formula M\u2099\u208a\u2081AX\u2099, where Ti is the M element, Al is the A element, C is the X element, and n = 2. Therefore, Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 is classified as a 312 MAX phase.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1532\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1532\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 3. Is Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 a ceramic or a metal? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1532\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3624d87 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3624d87\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf19d25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bf19d25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 is generally classified as a MAX phase ceramic rather than a conventional metal. However, its layered crystal structure gives it several metal-like characteristics, including electrical and thermal conductivity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1533\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1533\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 4. Is Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 an MXene? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1533\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ad6e08 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0ad6e08\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06b09d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c06b09d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>No. Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 is a MAX phase precursor rather than an MXene. Selective removal of the Al layers from Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 can produce Ti\u2083C\u2082T\u2093 MXene under appropriate etching conditions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1534\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1534\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 5. What are the main applications of Ti\u2083AlC\u2082? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1534\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-951ede0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"951ede0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-505d4fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"505d4fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 is studied for high-temperature structural materials, conductive ceramics, protective coatings, tribological systems, and as a precursor for MXene and electrochemical materials research.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1535\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1535\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 6. What particle size of Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 powder should I choose? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1535\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae87bd9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ae87bd9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e668bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e668bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The appropriate particle size depends on the intended application. Particle size can affect powder dispersion, reaction kinetics, etching behavior, sintering and composite processing, so the specification should be selected according to the experimental process.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1536\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1536\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 7. What should I consider when purchasing Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 powder? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1536\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9892f29 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9892f29\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3698136 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3698136\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Important factors include chemical purity, particle-size distribution, phase composition, impurity levels, packaging and consistency between batches. For MXene research, precursor quality and particle-size characteristics are particularly important.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b414efa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b414efa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-637f443 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"637f443\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe8bad1 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"fe8bad1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">[1] Barsoum, M. W. \u201cThe MN+1AXN phases: A new class of solids; thermodynamically stable nanolaminates.\u201d Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 2000, 28(1\u20134), 201\u2013281.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">[2] Naguib, M., et al. \u201cTwo-Dimensional Nanocrystals Produced by Exfoliation of Ti\u2083AlC\u2082.\u201d Advanced Materials, 2011, 23(37), 4248\u20134253.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">[3] Naguib, M., et al. \u201cTwo-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbides.\u201d ACS Nano, 2012, 6(2), 1322\u20131331.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">[4] Barsoum, M. W., &amp; Radovic, M. \u201cElastic and mechanical properties of the MAX phases.\u201d Annual Review of Materials Research, 2011, 41, 195\u2013227.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">[5] Eklund, P., Beckers, M., Jansson, U., H\u00f6gberg, H., &amp; Hultman, L. \u201cThe Mn+1AXn phases: Materials science and thin-film processing.\u201d Thin Solid Films, 2010, 518(8), 1851\u20131878.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee0ee47 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ee0ee47\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66198e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"66198e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further Reading<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5ca3ea elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"b5ca3ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/ti3alc2-mxene-the-rising-star-in-research\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Ti3AlC2\/MXene \u2013 The rising star in research<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/what-are-max-phase-ceramics\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">What Are MAX Phase Ceramics? A Guide to Ti\u2083AlC\u2082, Ti\u2082AlC and Ti\u2083SiC\u2082<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/high-purity-titanium-carbide\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">High Purity Titanium Carbide: The \u201cUltra-Hard Pioneer\u201d Powering Advanced Technologies<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/barium-carbonate-properties-production\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Barium Carbonate: Properties, Production Process and Applications<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/aluminum-nitride-aln\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Aluminum Nitride (AlN) \u2014 The \u201cHeat-Dissipating, Electrically Insulating All-Rounder\u201d of the Electronics Industry<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad6b2c0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ad6b2c0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a208ad2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a208ad2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Need Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 Materials?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f65d8ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f65d8ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Looking for Ti\u2083AlC\u2082 MAX phase powder for MXene research or advanced materials development? <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/about-vimaterial\/\">VIMATERIAL<\/a><\/strong><\/span> can provide customized purity, particle size and packaging to match your experimental requirements.<\/p><p><strong>Tell us what you need.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c415955 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c415955\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c55ff0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c55ff0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dpopup%3Aopen%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTAzNTA2NywidG9nZ2xlIjpmYWxzZX0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Request a Quote<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8c3e8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e8c3e8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/contact-us\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Contact Us<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ti3AlC2 is one of the most widely studied members of the MAX phase family. This titanium aluminum carbide combines several properties normally associated with metals and ceramics, including electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, high-temperature stability, damage tolerance and machinability. Because of its unique layered structure, Ti3AlC2 is used both as a functional ceramic material and as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1056494,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[338],"tags":[619,543,385],"class_list":["post-1056492","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ceramic-materials","tag-max-phase","tag-ti3alc2","tag-understand-materials"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1056492","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1056492"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1056492\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1056499,"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1056492\/revisions\/1056499"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1056494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1056492"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1056492"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vimaterial.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1056492"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}